Bacaj D. Jonizantno zracenje kao profesionalni rizik i samozastita

JONIZANTNO ZRAČENJE KAO PROFESIONALNI RIZIK I SAMOZAŠTITA 
Bačaj D 1, Matičević D 1, Pranjić N 1, Sarihodžić S 2. 
1 Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Tuzli,Tuzla, Bosna i Hercegovina
2 Univerzitetsko klinički centar Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosna i Hercegovina

CILJ: Rad ima za cilj da analizira stavove o zdravstvenom riziku i ličnoj zaštiti u uposlenika Zavoda za radiologiju UKC Tuzla prema jonizantnom zračenju kao profesionalnom zdravstvenom riziku.

ISPITANICI I METODE: Uzorak ispitanika je činilo 34 medicinska radnika: 8 radiologa, 3 doktora medicine, 1 specijalizant, 9 viših medicinskih tehničara, 12 medicinskih tehničara i 1 elektrotehničar zavoda. Za analizu korištena je anketa načinjena na osnovu Zakona o zaštiti od zračenja i Pravilinika o stručnoj spremi, zdravstvenim uslovima i zdravstvenim pregledima osoba koje mogu raditi sa izvorima jonizujućeg zračenja. Za statističku analizu dobivenih podataka koristili smo Gausovu metodu normalne raspodjele.

REZULTATI: Na osnovu prikupljenih podataka dobili smo slijedeće rezultate: 85,29% zaposlenih koristi propisanu zaštitu na radnom mjestu, a 14,71% uopšte ne koristi zaštitu. Samo 14,7% ispitanika poznaje mjesečne doze zračenja na svom dozimetru. Ne oboljeva često u toku godine 76,47% ispitanika, a 23,53% oboljeva često. Hromozomske aberacije u limfocitima periferne krvi redovno kontroliše 88,24% radnika, dok 11,76% ih ne kontroliše. Od broja ispitanika koji kontrolišu hromozomske aberacije 10,3 % je imalo odstupanja i zabranu rada. Među ispitanicima je 26,47% izjavilo da ima neko od profesionalnih oboljenja.

ZAKLJUČAK: Na osnovu naših rezultata može se zaključiti da je zdravstvena zaštita uposlenika Zavoda za radiologiju na zadovoljavajućem nivou (periodični i ciljani zdravstveni pregledi) kao i korištenje ličnih, zaštitnih sredstava. I pored toga, tri radnika, mlađe životne dobi, su u nekoliko navrata imala hromosomske aberacije. Ovi podaci se mogu povezati sa činjenicom da samo 14,7% ispitanika poznaje mjesečne doze zračenja ali i otvoriti mogućnost istraživanja drugih eventualnih uzroka ovih promjena.


IONIZATION-RADIATION AS OCCUPATIONAL RISK AND SELFPROTECTION 
Bačaj D 1, Matičević D 1, Pranjić N 1, Sarihodžić S 2. 
1 Medical Faculty of the University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina 
2 University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina

AIM: The aim of this work is to analyze the attitudes toward health risks and personal protection of the employees of the Department of radiology in UKC Tuzla as well as toward ionization radiation as the professional risk.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: 34 medical workers were examined including: 8 radiologists, 3 doctors of medicine, 12 medical technicians, and 1 electronic technician working at the Institute. To obtain relevant information we have used the questionnaire developed in accordance with the Law on radiation protection and Rule book on specialist's training, health conditions and health exams for persons that can work on sources of ion radiation. For analyzing results we have used the Gaussian method of normal distribution.

RESULTS: Based on collected information we have concluded the following: 85,29% of employees are using the proscribed measures of safety protection on work place, as opposed to 14,71% who are not using this protection. Only 14,7% of inerviewed employees knows their monthly dozes of radiation on their dosagemeter. 76,47% of interviewed employees does not get ill often during the year, while 23,53% gets ill often. Chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes are controlled regularly by 88,24% of workers, while 11,76% are not controlling them regularly. 10,3% of interviewed workers who are controlling their chromosome aberrations had deviations and prohibition to work. 26,47% of the examinees said that they had one of the professional / occupational disease.

CONCLUSION: Based on the above results it can be concluded that the health care for workers at the Institute of Radiology is on satisfactory level (periodical and targeted health exams) as well as the use of personal means for protection. Despite this, 26,47% have some form of occupational disease, while three workers of younger age had chromosome aberrations several times. This information can be related to the fact that only 14,7% of interviewed persons knows the monthly dozes of radiation, but it can also open the possibility for researching other possible causes of these changes.